1.4 million kilograms of natural hydrogen discovered beneath Africa — a potential turning point for clean energy
Scientists have confirmed the presence of approximately 1,416,000 kilograms of naturally occurring hydrogen beneath parts of Africa — a discovery that could significantly reshape the continent’s clean energy future. Unlike coal, gas, or oil, this hydrogen is produced naturally underground and stored in geological formations without human intervention.
A naturally generated, replenishing energy source
The hydrogen is formed through geological processes in which iron-rich minerals react with water deep underground, splitting water molecules and releasing hydrogen gas. Over time, the gas accumulates in subsurface cavities, similar to the way oil and natural gas are trapped. This phenomenon has long been known to geologists, but only recently has it gained significant attention due to growing interest in natural, self-replenishing hydrogen resources.
Recent discoveries in Mali have demonstrated that the Earth produces far more hydrogen than previously understood. Some experts now believe natural hydrogen reservoirs may continuously recharge, offering a renewable and potentially abundant energy source.
A strategic opportunity for Africa
Africa’s rapidly growing energy demand and limited clean-energy development make this discovery especially important. The continent hosts large areas of rock types that favor natural hydrogen production, suggesting that similar reserves may exist across multiple regions.
If developed responsibly, natural hydrogen could:
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Support Africa’s decarbonisation goals
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Provide a low-cost, low-emissions alternative to fossil fuels
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Avoid the complex refining and processing requirements of oil and gas
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Reduce pollution and improve energy security
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Complement solar energy, which is abundant across the continent
Hydrogen can be used directly in fuel cells to produce clean electricity or burned for power without releasing CO₂.
Challenges remain
While the discovery is promising, large-scale extraction will require proper governance, technical expertise, and transparent resource management. Africa continues to face challenges such as corruption, regulatory uncertainty, and limited infrastructure.
Experts are now mapping additional hydrogen hotspots and evaluating how natural hydrogen could fit into Africa’s broader energy transition. If managed effectively, this resource could play a transformative role in meeting the continent’s future energy needs.
