Some proposed perspectives for sustainable development of renewable energy in Vietnam

Some proposed perspectives for sustainable development of renewable energy in Vietnam
Vietnam is a country with great potential for renewable energy (solar power, wind power, wave power, ocean current power). However, an expert from the Institute for Sea and Island Research (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment) said that the step was still slow, and suggested some solutions to orient the sustainable development of this energy source. Vietnam in the future. We look forward to receiving your comments, suggestions and criticisms.

DU VAN MANUAL - SEA AND ISLAND RESEARCH INSTITUTE, GENERAL DEPARTMENT OF SEAS AND ISLAND (MINISTRY OF RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT)

2020 - Awakening renewable energy in Vietnam

Resolution No. 55-NQ/TW dated February 11, 2020 of the Politburo on the orientation of Vietnam's national energy development strategy to 2030, with a vision to 2045, has the policy to build a new energy market. uniform quality, competition, transparency, diversification of ownership forms and business methods; apply market prices to all types of energy.

In particular, encourage and create all favorable conditions for all economic sectors, especially the private sector, to participate in energy development; resolutely eliminate all manifestations of subsidies, monopolies, unfair competition and lack of transparency in the energy industry.

In addition, it is necessary to develop synchronously, rationally and diversify types of energy; prioritizing the exploitation, exhaustive and efficient use of renewable energy, new energy and clean energy.

According to Decision No. 13/2020/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister on the mechanism to encourage the development of solar power in Vietnam and effective from May 22, 2020, the purchase price of rooftop solar power is 8 .38 cents, solar power 7.09 cents, floating solar power 7.69 cents. Accordingly, the maximum contract term is 20 years from the date of power generation operation. This is a big "bump" for investors of solar power systems in recent times.

Solar power capacity currently contributes to nearly 24% of total power capacity. Total installed solar capacity is about 19,400 MWp, equivalent to 16,500 MWac. According to statistics, the entire electricity output from solar power nationwide in the whole year of 2020 is 10.6 billion kWh (of which rooftop solar power alone is 1.16 billion kWh), accounting for about 4. 3% of the total mobilized output of the whole national electricity system.

Thus, in 2020, Vietnam leads the ASEAN region in terms of total solar power capacity of 19,400 MWp.

In 2018, according to Decision 39/2018/QD-TTg, the price of wind power in the mainland was 1,927 VND/kWh, equivalent to 8.5 Uscent/kWh; offshore wind power is 2,223 VND/kWh, equivalent to 9.8 Uscent/kWh. This electricity price is applied to a part or the whole plant with commercial operation date before November 1, 2021 and applies for 20 years from the date of commercial operation. Currently, by the end of 2020, the total capacity of wind power plants will reach 630 MW - relatively small, but opportunities for development after 2021 are still many, up to hundreds of GW.

Offshore wind power resources in Vietnam have been interested by many domestic and international enterprises. In 2020, the World Bank completed a research report on developing a strategy for offshore wind power development in Vietnam to 2050 with a total capacity of 70 GW (of which 10 GW by 2030), with a product 70% localization.

Distribution of offshore wind power capacity proposed by provinces:

Figure 1. Roadmap for cost-driven - wind power LCOE from 2012 - 2020.

The roadmap for wind power LCOE from 2012 to 2020 will decrease by 14%/year, creating an opportunity to develop offshore wind power with an LCOE of 78 USD/MWh in 2020, which can compete with other power sources. Offshore wind power, with a potential of 70 GW, will make an important contribution to energy security, and at the same time be the eye of the eye to protect national sovereignty at sea.

Some proposed perspectives for sustainable development of renewable energy

Vietnam is a country with huge renewable energy potential. To sustainably develop renewable energy, we have a macro policy on renewable energy development of the Party and Government.

At the same time, the practice of Vietnam has encouraged and created favorable conditions for all economic sectors, especially the private sector, to participate in the development of renewable energy, creating a boom in solar power projects. Solar power, wind power, nearshore wind power, offshore wind power registered in 2020.

However, in reality, the implementation of the strategy to develop renewable energy projects, especially wind power, wave power, and ocean current power in our country is progressing quite slowly, or not really commensurate with the existing potential due to certain barriers, difficulties in policies, legal documents, land planning, marine spatial planning, technical standards, funding and human resources, transmission lines, prices . In addition, the problem of waste treatment from damaged solar panels and wind turbine blades or at the end of the project life has not been clearly defined...

To develop sustainable renewable energy after 2021, a number of issues should be considered:

Firstly: Research, develop and promulgate the Law on Renewable Energy of Vietnam to create favorable conditions on the legal basis and policy for renewable energy development in general and in detail in the renewable energy sub-sectors. solar power (industrial, roof, floating...), wind power sub-sectors (onshore, shallow sea fixed foundation near shore, offshore fixed foundation, floating offshore...), wave power , marine electricity, biomass power, integrated sources of all kinds...

Second: Formulate strategies, planning, plans, medium-term and long-term roadmaps for the development of each solar and wind power sub-sector with specific targets in each stage of economic development.

Third: It is necessary to soon issue a strategy for developing Vietnam's specific offshore wind power with a long-term vision of 30 to 50 years to receive the technological shift, offshore wind power finance from Europe has been completed. and implement the policy of concurrently implementing 2 resolutions of the Party Central Committee (No. 36-NQ/TW in 2018 and Resolution 55-NQ/TW in 2020).

Fourth: Identifying research and development on renewable energy as a priority science and technology task, heavily invested, through national science and technology programs on the development of renewable energy sub-sectors. create, pay special attention to technology of collecting, processing and recycling solar panels, wind turbines; green financial mechanism, green carbon for renewable energy development.

Fifth: Strengthening the training of scientific and technological human resources on renewable energy.

Sixth: Promote international cooperation in training and science and technology of renewable energy and participate in programs and agreements on solar energy systems, wind energy systems, ocean energy systems of the International Energy Agency IEA.

Saturday: Developing the annual national report on the renewable energy industry./.